X/R is critical for short circuit analysis, but we can understand so much more when we think in terms of time constants.

Differential Protection picks up the slack where traditional Overcurrent Protection can't get the job done

Introduction - Cable ampacity (how many amps a particular cable type can carry) is one of the most important design calculations....

Time overcurrent protection is the backbone of relaying. Learn about proper settings here.

Intro - In a perfect world, transformers convert from one voltage level to another without any impact on the system. Unfortunately, this...

Intro - Substations are electrical power systems that convert from one voltage to another and distribute power out. The term substation...

Intro - When power systems engineers refer to "transformers", we're almost always talking about a particular subset: 2-winding...

Working as an electrical power systems engineer is rarely an independent task. On almost all real-world projects there are other...

Everybody has their 2 cents on how to navigate the professional world. This article shares a few pieces of advice that I've received that...

On the evening of December 24th every year, Santa Claus takes flight to deliver toys to the children of the world. Of course, a lot of...

Introduction - Line to line faults are a common type of short circuit event on a power system. During line to line faults, one phase...

Relaying and protection can be confusing-REALLY CONFUSING. Elaborate new ways to protect power systems are being invented every day. And,...

Introduction - Single line to ground faults are the most common type of fault in a power system. On overhead transmission and...

When designing and building an electrical power system, getting the steps in the right order is one of the most important parts. Working...

Overview - AC power systems operate at a nominal frequency. In the United States, this is 60 Hertz. In other parts of the world 50 Hertz...

Your project is almost built! Raceways are installed and cables are pulled. What now? Do we terminate the cables and walk away? Not...

In North America, there are three main electrical codes: The National Electrical Code (NEC), used in the United States Norma Oficial...

Introduction - Suppose you've got a power distribution system with some loads fed from a source. But then, OH NO!! A fault takes place on...

The most important skill for an engineer isn't math or computer programming. It's not even technical. More important than anything else...

Basics - Generators have been the backbone of the electrical grid for as long as the grid has been around. Other than solar energy, all...