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The Arrhenius Equation and Cable Lifespans
The Problem - Consider this hypothetical example: an XHHW-2 circuit is designed for operation at 90°C. The engineer or designer believes...
May 26, 20223 min read


Transformer Zero Sequence Impedance
Transformers are commonly specified and ordered based on a few key parameters, including the primary and secondary voltages, the apparent...
May 13, 20223 min read


Constant S and Constant Z Loads
Electrical power systems engineers, especially those working on systems at the distribution level, are generally required to complete...
May 12, 20222 min read


Load Factor
General - If you look closely at NEC Article 311 (in the 2020 edition of the Code), you'll see that there are ampacity tables referenced...
Apr 21, 20224 min read


Short Circuit Current (3-Phase)
A short circuit, also known as a fault, occurs when energized conductors inadvertently come into contact with one another or another...
Apr 20, 20225 min read


Why do we need transformers?
Transformers are an essential part of AC power systems. It was transformers that brought about the AC revolution across the world, thanks...
Apr 19, 20223 min read


Thermal Resistivity and Soil Dryout
When reading through NEC ampacity tables you'll notice that many make reference to an assumed "thermal resistivity of 90°C*cm/W". What's...
Apr 7, 20222 min read
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